The current state of the theory of Pc1 range ULF pulsations in magnetospheric plasma with heavy ions: A review

The review considers the current state of theory short-period ULF waves in plasma with admixture heavy ions (ions whose mass significantly exceeds protons). presence influences spectrum and propagation characteristics Pc1 range. We examine elements quasi-parallel quasi-perpendicular waves. It is usually suggested that ion-cyclotron have a left circular polarization. Quasi-perpendicular ion-ion hybrid linear polarization can be poloidal toroidal. discuss an equatorial resonator for determine its size from density ions. In radial direction, locked vicinity plasmapause or region local minimum arbitrary values wave vector components considered. note waves, contrast to Alfvén large parallel component magnetic field.